Holistic Management in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Through Family Medicine Approach: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health concern globally and in Indonesia, ranking among the leading causes of death from infectious diseases. The government targets TB elimination by 2030 through primary care and family doctor involvement, emphasizing not only treatment but also health promotion, prevention, and psychosocial support. Purpose: To apply evidence-based family medicine principles to a pulmonary TB patient by identifying risk factors, clinical problems, interventions, and monitoring progress using patient-centered and family approaches. Method: A case report using primary data from history taking, physical examination, home visits, and family folder documentation. Three visits were conducted, covering holistic diagnosis, intervention, and outcome evaluation, assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: A 40-year-old female diagnosed with pulmonary TB was in the continuation phase of therapy. Main complaints were chronic cough and weight loss. Internal risks included limited knowledge and anxiety, external risk was family cigarette smoke exposure. Family function was good (APGAR 10). Interventions included education about TB (definition, symptoms, treatment, prevention), family counseling, adherence monitoring, high-calorie high-protein diet advice, and home ventilation improvement. After the interventions, the patient showed positive progress with weight gain (35 kg to 52 kg), good medication adherence, and improved family knowledge. Conclusion: Family medicine approaches effectively support TB therapy by addressing biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Continuous family education, monitoring, and behavioral changes enhance treatment success and prevent transmission.